By default, we use MySQL 8 as the business database to store business data. For MySQL 8, you can adopt a series of optimization methods to improve database performance. For example:

1. Hardware and Operating System Optimization

• Disk: Use SSD to improve read/write speed, especially important for IO-intensive operations (such as InnoDB transaction logs).

• Memory: Ensure sufficient memory for innodb_buffer_pool usage to avoid frequent disk access.

• CPU: Choose multi-core high-performance CPU, especially in high-concurrency scenarios where multi-threaded queries benefit significantly.

• Operating System Optimization

  • Adjust file descriptor limit: ulimit -n 65535.
  • Ensure using ext4 or XFS file system with noatime enabled.
  • Disable NUMA (Non-Uniform Memory Access) to avoid performance fluctuations: numactl --interleave=all.

2. MySQL Configuration Tuning

From an operations perspective, configuration can be optimized through the following methods:

• Memory Usage Optimization:
  • innodb_buffer_pool_size: Set to 60-75% of physical memory.
  • innodb_log_buffer_size: For high transaction write volume, set to 16MB or higher.
• IO Adjustment:
  • innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit: Set to 2 to reduce disk IO (for non-critical data scenarios).
  • sync_binlog=0: For performance-sensitive scenarios that don't require extremely high reliability.
• Concurrent Connection Limits:
  • max_connections: Set to a reasonable value based on business needs to avoid resource exhaustion from too many connections.
  • thread_cache_size: Increase appropriately to reduce thread creation overhead.

3. Monitoring and Log Management

• Enable Performance Monitoring:
  • Enable performance_schema and sys schema to monitor slow queries, lock waits, and resource utilization.
  • Use SHOW ENGINE INNODB STATUS to analyze lock and transaction performance.
• Log Analysis:
  • Slow query log: Set long_query_time=1 to capture time-consuming SQL.
  • Error log: Regularly check error.log for warnings about resource shortage or configuration anomalies.

4. High Availability and Disaster Recovery

• Master-Slave Replication:
  • Configure GTID (Global Transaction ID) mode to improve reliability of master-slave switching.
• Read-Write Separation:
  • In high-concurrency scenarios, use ProxySQL or MySQL Router to implement read-write separation.
• Backup Strategy:
  • Use Percona XtraBackup or MySQL Enterprise Backup for hot backups.
  • Regularly test backup recoverability.